Native Plants

I went to an ethnobotany field seminar hosted by Friends of the Forest and the Salal Chapter of Native Plant Society. I used to live in Anacortes and hike the community forest lands almost every day. It felt great to return and hike around with a bunch of older ladies (and one gentleman). Denise who taught the workshop has worked as a naturalist in this area for over 20 years and began learning ethnobotany at Evergreen long before then. She's built some intimacy with the land and shared much knowledge. I jotted down some plant names and snapped photos to research later on the internet. Not quite the same as receiving her stories but I guess it's all part of the game.

Skunk cabbage in the summer is not quite as exciting as early February when the bright yellow flowers stink up the marsh, attracting their early pollinator beetles and flies. See the phallic pimply seed pod displayed in this photo. I always knew they smelled like a carcass, but I just learned the inside of the flower can generate heat up to 70 degrees - making it a thermogenic plant (although some sources say Western Skunk Cabbage is not one of these). Imagine the little beetles trekking around February's cold ground, finding way back into the heat lamp of the skunk cabbage. That sounds awfully cozy and smelly. The roots were eaten as famine food (worst case taste) and the large leaves to store berries.

 We can find Salal inside the city and in the woods since they are popular for native plant landscaping. To be honest I've never more than munched on a berry, but I understand them to be an important food source because they keep well. I learned the young leaves have been eaten as an appetite suppressant, especially important for gatherers - better to avoid eating so many before bringing home the berries! They are an excellent source of Vitamin C. I was fortunate to come across many young leaves as I was feeling quite hungry at the time. The leaves are said to be astringent, and may be taken as tea for reducing internal inflammation. As well they can make a poultice for insect bites and stings. Something to keep in mind among mosquitoes.

Oceanspray is a plant I've never given much thought until now. It just makes me think of the dried fruit company and sugary cranberries. It likes a lot of sun and can be found in younger stands of alder and cascara. And according to King County is a great to plant along the highway. The flowers in tea have been used to treat diarrhea, as well as the berries, to treat diarrhea, smallpox, chicken pox, and more generally as a blood tonic. It's wood is strong and was traditionally used to make tools and furniture. Denise mentioned their use for making baby-carrying frames. I'm wondering how well they'd hold up for backpacking frames!

I took this photo, not because you can really see what's growing but because we were told these were a bunch of wetland plants in the carrot family Apiaceae: water hemlock, water parsley and kneeling angelica. I'm always curious about the wild origins of our favorite cultivated vegetables. Kneeling angelica is a beautiful plant I see all the time I have confused with yarrow and queen anne's lace. The root has been used for headaches and their hollow stems for making drinking straws, whistles and breathing stems to remain underwater longer. We don't need all these plastic straws and snorkels!

I never really knew what this adorable plant was - Cleavers. Considered a noxious weed to some, and causing contact dermatitis for others, cleavers is in the same family as coffee and may serve as a coffee substitute with less caffeine. Apparently geese like to eat it too! this plant has been used as a blood purifier as well as a diuretic and lymphatic for swollen glands and skin problems. One study demonstrated cleavers to lower the blood pressure of dogs. Denise mentioned cleavers was traditionally used to treat HIV but I can't find any information online so far about that.

I hold Oregon Grape close to my heart. I love how abundant they are everywhere I go. I take the roots in tincture and tea form as an alterative - liver detoxing plant. I've seen it an ingredient in salves for it's antibacterial properties. This is a plant to consider in building up your body's own natural antibacterial resistance. Since plants are far more chemically compounded than pharmaceuticals, there's less chance of bacteria developing resistance to store bought creams and such. Though less powerful perhaps, I think they can be more effective long term. This blog encourages us to harvest bark rather than digging up roots to help protect the plant more. Especially important to keep in mind as more and more people turn to plants for medicine. I never thought of chewing the young leaves before but they were quite nice.

I think I've finally learned how to identify Western Hemlock. It looks like a spray of cedar needles except the branches don't curve back up to the sky and it's in the pine family. These trees help identify the more mature stands because they appear in the darker reaches of forest. It can live a long time and has been known to age over 1200 years! The young leaves, as pictured here can be enjoyably chewed or made into a bitter tea full of Vitamin C (we need as many natural sources of this as we can get!) I myself has not brushed my teeth yet and after chewing the needles felt much better. 

I sit here sipping an elderberry infused red wine and I write this. Last fall I went to a workshop with herbalist Corinne Boyer of Opals Apothecary in Olympia, focused on three plants, one which was elderberry. (She writes a useful herbal newsletter called the Gathering Basket she gives away for free!) That's when I made the infused wine. Not only are the berries delicious for making liquors, wines and cordials, it has been used for treating flu, allergies and as a respiratory tonic. In Traditional Chinese Medicine it's used for treating rheumatism. Their branches have been made into flutes. A plant pleasing to both the palette and the ear. 

Oh what a good it was! So much to learn.

More Garlic

I purchased 12 bulbs of garlic from the store then broke them apart to yield 69 of their best cloves for planting. It's a drizzly, gray day in early March and I am planting garlic a little later then I would like, however I think it's still going to work out. I've had better success with fall plantings, but back in 2012 I planted both in the fall and late winter to provide for a full late summer harvest. We'll see - it's always a big wonder to me putting seed in the ground.

I created two separate bed for garlic, and am interplanting the rest of the cloves. I wonder how each mico-crop will do depending on where it is in the yard, due to mineral deposits or deficiencies from previous harvests. Or for the garlic interplanted: will they do better by themselves or with others?

Heaven in earth!

From an herbalist's perspective, garlic may be the wisest choice for anyone to grow. It's main active ingredient allicin is said to be antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antiviral. So it can be used topically for abrasions, inflammations or warts. It can be used internally to enhance immune system response to colds, flus, and autoimmune diseases. It also contains antioxidants, which trap free radicals in the body. Studies have demonstrated garlic kills cancer cells, roundworms, ringworm, athlete's foot, and staph.

If you are taking garlic and the allicin is interacting with toxic cells or other medications in your body you may experience side effects (of course). Stomachache, bloating, body odor, headache, fatigue are all symptoms that your body is detoxing. They are not necessarily bad, just signals to pay attention to, that are mostly a result of your own dietary choices. People on blood thinners should especially be careful, since garlic is also a blood thinner, reducing blood pressure. Something for people with lower blood pressure to pay attention to as well.